Over-the-Counter Drugs That Are Commonly Abused

Question: 

Are there over-the-counter drugs that can be abused to get high? 

Answer: 

Over-the-counter (OTC) medications are often perceived as safe because they are legal and easily accessible, but they can still be misused and lead to addiction. Many individuals abuse OTC drugs such as cough medicines containing dextromethorphan (DXM), antihistamines, decongestants, and pain relievers to achieve psychoactive effects or manage symptoms without medical guidance. This misuse can result in serious health risks, including liver damage, cardiovascular complications, cognitive impairment, and even life-threatening overdose. The accessibility and low cost of these medications can increase the likelihood of abuse, particularly among younger individuals or those seeking alternatives to illicit substances. Despite these risks, addiction to OTC drugs is treatable. Early recognition of problematic use and addressing underlying mental health conditions are key components of recovery. Comprehensive treatment programs that include medical support, therapy, and ongoing care can help individuals safely overcome OTC drug misuse and build healthier coping strategies for long-term well-being.

What Are Over-the-Counter Drugs?

Over-the-counter (OTC) drugs are medications that don’t need a prescription from a healthcare professional. They are considered safe and effective for self-use when taken as directed, and they’re accessible to the public in pharmacies, grocery stores, and convenience stores, and on the Internet.

Here are how OTC drugs are different from prescription drugs:

• No prescription needed: Unlike prescription medications, OTC drugs do not need a doctor’s prescription. People can buy them from the store or online.
• Approved for self-use: OTC drugs are deemed safe for consumers to use on their own without the need for medical supervision. They’re intended to treat common, straightforward health conditions, such as headaches, allergies, heartburn, cold and flu symptoms, and minor aches and pains.
• Lower risk profile: OTC drugs are often considered safe when used as directed.
• Standardized labeling: OTC drugs have clear and standardized labeling. This provides consumers with essential information about proper dosages, potential side effects, and contraindications.
• Limited dosages: OTC drugs often come in lower dosages than prescription medications.
• Wider availability: OTC drugs are available to the public. You don’t need to visit a doctor to get them.

• Some common over-the-counter medicines include:

  • Pain relievers like acetaminophen or ibuprofen

  • Antihistamines like loratadine or diphenhydramine

  • Cough medicines

  • Cold medicines

  • Antacids

  • Laxatives

  • Topical medications for minor skin conditions

   

  OTC Highs: What Over-the-Counter Drugs Are Abused?

  Some over-the-counter drugs can be abused, leading to potential health risks and negative effects. Here are a few examples:

  Cough and Cold Medications

  OTC cough and cold medications that contain dextromethorphan (DXM) are often abused. They can have hallucinogenic and dissociative effects when taken in large quantities. DXM is an active ingredient found in many cough syrups, lozenges, and gel caps. When taken in excessive amounts, it can cause:

  • Euphoria

  • Hallucinations

  • Impaired motor function

  • Disorientation

  This practice is often referred to as “robotripping” or “skittling.”

  Pseudoephedrine

  Pseudoephedrine is a decongestant found in OTC cold and allergy medications. It can be used to produce methamphetamine, an illegal and addictive stimulant drug.

  Antihistamines

  Certain antihistamines can cause sedation and drowsiness when taken in high doses. An OTC high on antihistamines can have hypnotic effects. These drugs are also sometimes used to enhance the effects of other substances.

  Laxatives or Diet Pills

  Some people abuse OTC laxatives or diet pills to control their weight. Excessive or prolonged use of laxatives can lead to:

  • Electrolyte imbalances

  • Dehydration

  • Other serious health complications

  Pain Relievers

  Pain relievers like acetaminophen and ibuprofen can be misused for chronic pain management. This can damage your liver.

  Motion Sickness Medications

  Some motion sickness medications can be abused for their sedative effects.

  Who Chases OTC Highs?

  Anyone can fall victim to over-the-counter drug abuse. People from various backgrounds and different ages can be at risk of misusing or abusing OTC medications. OTC drug abuse can have serious health consequences, including organ damage, addiction, and even overdose. There are a few risk factors that may make someone more likely to abuse OTCs than others.

  Some risk factors for over-the-counter drug abuse include:

  • Teenagers: Young people are more likely to abuse OTCs as they are not old enough to buy substances like alcohol, tobacco, or marijuana in states where it’s legal. Teens abuse drugs for many of the same reasons adults do, like coping with stress, anxiety, or trauma.

  • Those with a history of substance abuse: If you abuse substances like alcohol or prescription drugs, you may be at a higher risk for OTC medication abuse.

  • Those with eating disorders: Some people use laxatives or weight control supplements as forms of weight control.

  • Those with underlying mental health issues: People who struggle with mental health are often at a higher risk for substance abuse.

  • Those without access: Some may turn to over-the-counter drugs when they are unable to get other substances.